The contribution of almitrine bismesylate to the occurrence and pattern of augmented breaths was studied in fifteen spontaneously breathing, anaesthetized cats. Breathing was via a tracheostomy, while the laryngeal resistance to airflow was measured with the larynx isolated in situ. Almitrine bismesylate at a dose of 0.5 mg kg-1 of body weight was injected intravenously in the intact animals and following bilateral vagotomy which spared the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. Almitrine injected intravenously elicited augmented breaths within the first 45 s in thirteen cats and within 1 min in the remaining two cats. During augmented breaths inspiratory and expiratory airflows rose, the mean increases being 385.2 and 159.6% respectively above the controls (P less than 0.01). The inspiratory laryngeal resistance declined to 77.7% of the control (P less than 0.01) and expiratory laryngeal resistance increased by 95.4% above the control level (P less than 0.01). The inspiratory and expiratory times were prolonged by 56 and 58% compared with baseline breathing. Following the augmented breaths the respiratory airflows exceeded baseline values, the respiratory timing was slightly reduced, and the inspiratory laryngeal resistance was significantly lowered below the control level (P less than 0.01). The expiratory laryngeal resistance showed the same trend without statistical significance. Bilateral vagotomy abolished the occurrence of augmented breaths following almitrine injection.