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Experimental Physiology 91.5 pp 801
DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.035105
© The Physiological Society 2006
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Symposium Reports

Novel partners and mechanisms in oxygen sensing

Novel partners and mechanisms in oxygen sensing

Nanduri R. Prabhakar

Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Email: nrp{at}po.cwru.edu

This issue contains four papers based on a symposium entitled Novel Partners and Mechanisms in Oxygen Sensing, which took place at the Experimental Biology meeting in San Francisco, CA, USA, 3rd April 2006.

Hypoxia is a pervasive stimulus that profoundly impacts various physiological systems and cellular processes. The aim of the symposium was to present recent views on the identity of oxygen sensor(s), interactions between various signal transduction pathways associated with cellular responses to hypoxia, and the importance of transcriptional activator, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in physiological responses to hypoxia. Professor Semenza presented important observations on cardiorespiratory responses to chronic continuous and intermittent hypoxia in heterozygous mice partly deficient in HIF-1{alpha}, the O2-regulated subunit of the HIF complex (Semenza, 2006). Thereafter, Professor Schumacker elaborated the importance of complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and reactive oxygen species in HIF-1 activation by hypoxia (Schumacker, 2006). Professor Evans presented exciting new data on the role of AMP-activated protein kinase as a potential O2 sensor that couples mitochondrial metabolism to pulmonary vasoconstriction as well as carotid body activation by low O2 (Evans, 2006). Professor Kemp's presentation focused on the critical role of protein–protein interactions in conferring the O2 sensitivity to the carotid body chemoreceptors (Kemp, 2006). Specifically, he discussed interactions between haemoxygenase-2, the enzyme that catalyses generation of endogenous carbon monoxide, and Ca2+-activated K+ channels in the hypoxic response of the glomus cells of the carotid body.

Together, these presentations provided a broad range of perspectives outlining the role of transcriptional regulators in eliciting physiological responses to different hypoxic stimuli and the cellular and subcellular mechanisms associated with the fundamental mechanisms of hypoxic sensing.

This symposium was sponsored by the Hypoxia Group of the American Physiological Society.

References

Evans AM (2006). AMP-activated protein kinase underpins hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and carotid body excitation by hypoxia in mammals. Exp Physiol 91, 821–827.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Guzy & Schumacker (2006). Exp Physiol 91, 807–819.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Kemp PJ (2006). Detecting acute changes in oxygen: will the real sensor please stand up? Exp Physiol 91, 829–834.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Semenza GL (2006). Regulation of physiological responses to continuous and intermittent hypoxia by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Exp Physiol 91, 803–806.[Abstract/Free Full Text]




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