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The cover illustration shows a schematic diagramillustrating the role of AMPK in HPV and carotid body activation by hypoxia. Physiological hypoxia inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which leads to an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio, AMPK activation and consequent activation of cell-specific Ca²⁺ signalling mechanisms in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (cADPR-dependent SR Ca²⁺ release) and carotid body type I cells (voltage-gated Ca²⁺ influx) (Evans, p. 821–828).